What exactly is dysmelia?

Dysmelia describes a group of congenital defects (i.e., present before birth) that lead to a variety of deformities in the hands, arms or legs. Depending on the severity, dysmelia can lead to cosmetic and functional impairments of the limbs. Dysmelia is not always limited to a single limb or limb section. Deformities can occur in several locations. In addition, deformities caused by dysmelia can also affect both sides of the body.

Transverse limb deformities are primarily observed n the upper extremities. In these cases, the affected extremity either did not form in utero or the wrapping of the umbilical cord around the limb impaired the limb’s development. Clinical presentations of transverse dymelia resemble amputations and are therefore treated with prostheses and/or functional aids.

In contrast, the treatment of longitudinal limb deformities, which mainly affect the lower extremities (e.g. fibular hemimelia, PFFD or tibial aplasia), is significantly more varied. Orthoprostheses are a common treatment method for longitudinal limb deformities.